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Global warming is the increase in the average measured temperature of the Earth's near-surface air and oceans since the mid-20th century, and its projected continuation.

Global surface temperature increased 0.74 ± 0.18 °C (1.33 ± 0.32 °F) during the 100 years ending in 2005.^[1][2] The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) concludes "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations"^[3][4]greenhouse effect. Natural phenomena such as solar variation combined with volcanoes probably had a small warming effect from pre-industrial times to 1950 and a small cooling effect from 1950 onward.^[5][6] These basic conclusions have been endorsed by at least 30 scientific societies and academies of science,^[7] including all of the national academies of science of the major industrialized countries.^[8][9][10] While individual scientists have voiced disagreement with these findings,^[11] the overwhelming majority of scientists working on climate change agree with the IPCC's main conclusions.^[12][13] via an enhanced

Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface temperature will likely rise a further 1.1 to 6.4 °C (2.0 to 11.5 °F) during the twenty-first century.^[3] This range of values results from the use of differing scenarios of future greenhouse gas emissions as well as models with differing climate sensitivity. Although most studies focus on the period up to 2100, warming and sea level rise are expected to continue for more than a thousand years even if greenhouse gas levels are stabilized. The delay in reaching equilibrium is a result of the large heat capacity of the oceans.^[3]

Increasing global temperature is expected to cause sea levels to rise, an increase in the intensity of extreme weather events, and significant changes to the amount and pattern of precipitation, likely including an expanse of the subtropical desert regions.^[14]. Other expected effects of global warming include changes in agricultural yields, modifications of trade routes, glacier retreat, mass species extinctions and increases in the ranges of disease vectors.

Remaining scientific uncertainties include the amount of warming expected in the future, and how warming and related changes will vary from region to region around the globe. Most national governments have signed and ratified the Kyoto Protocol aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but there is ongoing political and public debate worldwide regarding what, if any, action should be taken to reduce or reverse future warming or to adapt to its expected consequences.

Greenhouse effect

Main articles: Greenhouse gas and Greenhouse effect

The detailed causes of the recent warming remain an active field of research, but the scientific consensus^[15][16] is that the increase in atmospheric greenhouse gases due to human activity caused most of the warming observed since the start of the industrial era, and the observed warming cannot be satisfactorily explained by natural causes alone.^[17] This attribution is clearest for the most recent 50 years, for which the most detailed data are available.

The greenhouse effect was theorized by Joseph Fourier in 1824^[18][19][20] and was first investigated quantitatively by Svante Arrhenius in 1896. It is the process by which absorptioninfrared radiation by atmospheric gases warm a planet's lower atmosphere and surface. and emission of

Recent increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂). The monthly CO₂Northern Hemisphere's late spring, and declines during the Northern Hemisphere growing season as plants remove some CO₂ from the atmosphere. measurements display small seasonal oscillations in an overall yearly uptrend; each year's maximum is reached during the

Existence of the greenhouse effect as such is not disputed. Naturally occurring greenhouse gases have a mean warming effect of about 33 °C (59 °F), without which Earth would be uninhabitable.^[21][22] On Earth, the major greenhouse gases are water vapor, which causes about 36–70 percent of the greenhouse effect (not including clouds); carbon dioxide (CO₂), which causes 9–26 percent; methane (CH₄), which causes 4–9 percent; and ozone, which causes 3–7 percent.^[23][24] The issue is how the strength of the greenhouse effect changes when human activity increases the atmospheric concentrations of some greenhouse gases.

Human activity since the industrial revolution has increased the concentration of various greenhouse gases, leading to increased radiative forcing from CO₂, methane, tropospheric ozone, CFCs and nitrous oxide. Molecule for molecule, methane is a more effective greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, but its concentration is much smaller so that its total radiative forcing is only about a fourth of that from carbon dioxide. Some other naturally occurring gases contribute small fractions of the greenhouse effect; one of these, nitrous oxide (N₂O), is increasing in concentration owing to human activity such as agriculture. The atmospheric concentrations of CO₂ and CH₄ have increased by 31% and 149% respectively since the beginning of the industrial revolution in the mid-1700s. These levels are considerably higher than at any time during the last 650,000 years, the period for which reliable data has been extracted from ice cores.^[25]₂ values this high were last attained 20 million years ago.^[26] Fossil fuel burning has produced approximately three-quarters of the increase in CO₂ from human activity over the past 20 years. Most of the rest is due to land-use change, in particular deforestation.^[27] From less direct geological evidence it is believed that CO

The present atmospheric concentration of CO₂ is about 385 parts per million (ppm) by volume.^[28] Human activities have caused the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide and methane to be higher today than at any point during the last 650,000 years^[29] . Future CO₂sociological, technological, and natural developments, but may be ultimately limited by the availability of fossil fuels. The IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios gives a wide range of future CO₂ scenarios, ranging from 541 to 970 ppm by the year 2100.^[30] Fossil fuel reserves are sufficient to reach this level and continue emissions past 2100, if coal, tar sands or methane clathrates are extensively used.^[31] levels are expected to rise due to ongoing burning of fossil fuels and land-use change. The rate of rise will depend on uncertain economic,

Inasmuch as the greenhouse effect is due to human activity, it is a forcing effect that is separate from forcing due to climate variability.

Stored methane releases

Thawing permafrost

Main article: Arctic methane release

Recent research carried out in 2008 in the Siberian Arctic has shown millions of tons of the greenhouse gas methane being released, apparently through perforations in the Arctic Ocean's seabed permafrost,^[32] with concentrations in some regions reaching up to 100 times above normal.^[33][34] Current methane release has previously been estimated at 0.5 megatonnes (Mt) per year.^[35] Shakhova et al (2008) estimate that not less than 1,400 gigatonnes (Gt) of Carbon is presently locked up as methane and methane hydrates under the Arctic submarine permafrost, and 5-10% of that area is subject to puncturing by open taliks. They conclude that "release of up to 50 gigatonnes (Gt) of predicted amount of hydrate storage [is] highly possible for abrupt release at any time". That would increase the methane content of the planet's atmosphere by a factor of twelve,^[36][37] equivalent in greenhouse effect to a doubling in the current level of CO₂. Land-based permafrost in the Siberian Arctic was also recently observed to be releasing large amounts of methane, estimated at over 4 million tons.^[38]

Clathrate gun hypothesis

Main article: Clathrate gun hypothesis

Methane clathrate, also known as methane hydrate, was once believed to only exist in space, as extremes of cold are required for its formation. Around 6.4 trillion tonnes (6.4 teratonnes/Tt) of methane^[39] is trapped in deposits of methane clathrate on the deep ocean floor^[40]. The Clathrate gun hypothesis states that warmer deep ocean temperatures can release the methane (CH₄) from the deep ocean deposits of methane clathrate^[41]. It is theorized that this was responsible for two extinction events in earth's history; the Permian-Triassic extinction event^[41][42] and the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. A concentration of 5-15% methane in the atmosphere, which would occur at and around the area of a CH₄ release, is explosive^[43]; the products of such an explosion would be 2 parts H₂O to one of CO₂. CH₄ dissipates faster than carbon dioxide (CO₂), but even after 20 years has a 62 times greater Global warming potential index.

Recycling involves processing used materials into new products in order to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energyincineration) and water pollution (from landfilling) by reducing the need for "conventional" waste disposal, and lower greenhouse gas emissions as compared to virgin production.^[1][2] Recycling is a key component of modern waste management and is the third component of the "Reduce, Reuse, Recycle" waste hierarchy. usage, reduce air pollution (from

Recyclable materials include many kinds of glass, paper, metal, plastics, textiles, and electronicsAluminum (e.g., cell phones and computers). Although similar in effect, the composting or other reuse of biodegradable waste – such as food or garden waste – is not typically considered recycling.^[2] Materials to be recycled are either brought to a collection center or picked up from the curbside, then sorted, cleaned, and reprocessed into new materials bound for manufacturing.

In a strict sense, recycling of a material would produce a fresh supply of the same material, for example used office paper to more office paper, or used foamed polystyrene to more polystyrene. However, this is often difficult or too expensive (compared with producing the same product from raw materials or other sources), so "recycling" of many products or materials involves their reuse in producing different materials (e.g., cardboard) instead. Another form of recycling is the salvage of certain materials from complex products, either due to their intrinsic value (e.g., lead from car batteries, or gold from computer components), or due to their hazardous nature (e.g., removal and reuse of mercury from various items).

Critics of recycling claim that it often wastes more resources than it saves, especially in cases where it is mandated by government. Note here that municipal recycling may nevertheless still be worthwhile if the net cost is less than the landfill or other disposal costs for the same amount of material.

Aggregates and concrete

Main article: Concrete recycling

Concrete aggregate collected from demolition sites is put through a crushing machine, often along with asphalt, bricks, dirt, and rocks. Smaller pieces of concrete are used as gravel for new construction projects. Crushed recycled concrete can also be used as the dry aggregate for brand new concrete if it is free of contaminants. This reduces the need for other rocks to be dug up, which in turn saves trees and habitats.^[12]

Some batteries contain toxic heavy metals, making recycling or proper disposal a high priority

Battery

Main article: Battery recycling

The large variation in size and type of batteries makes their recycling extremely difficult: they must first be sorted into similar kinds and each kind requires an individual recycling process. Additionally, older batteries contain mercury and cadmium, harmful materials which must be handled with care. Because of their potential environmental damage, proper disposal of used batteries is required by law in many areas. Unfortunately, this mandate has been difficult to enforce.^[13]

Lead-acid batteries, like those used in automobiles, are relatively easy to recycle and many regions have legislation requiring vendors to accept used products. In the United States, the recycling rate is 90%, with new batteries containing up to 80% recycled material.^[13]

Garden waste for composting

Biodegradable waste

Main article: Composting

Kitchen, garden, and other green waste can be recycled into useful material by composting. This process allows natural aerobic bacteria to break down the waste into fertile topsoil. Much composting is done on a household scale, but municipal green-waste collection programs also exist. These programs can supplement their funding by selling the topsoil produced.

An abandoned computer monitor

Clothing

Recycling clothes via consignment or swapping has become increasingly popular. In a clothing swap, a group of people gather at a venue to exchange clothes amongst each other. In organizations like Clothing Swap, Inc., unclaimed clothing is donated to a local charity.

Electronics disassembly and reclamation

Main article: Computer recycling

The direct disposal of electrical equipment—such as old computers and mobile phones—is banned in many areas due to the toxic contents of certain components. The recycling process works by mechanically separating the metals, plastics, and circuit boards contained in the appliance. When this is done on a large scale at an electronic waste recycling plant, component recovery can be achieved in a cost-effective manner.

Steel crushed and baled for recycling

Ferrous metals

Main article: Steel recycling

Iron and steel are the world's most recycled materials, and among the easiest materials to reprocess, as they can be separated magnetically from the waste stream. Recycling is via a steelworks: scrap is either remelted in an electric arc furnace (90-100% scrap), or used as part of the charge in a Basic Oxygen Furnace (around 25% scrap).^[14] Any grade of steel can be recycled to top quality new metal, with no 'downgrading' from prime to lower quality materials as steel is recycled repeatedly. 42% of crude steel produced is recycled material.^[15]

Non-ferrous metals

Main article: Aluminium recycling

Aluminium is one of the most efficient and widely-recycled materials.^[16][17] Aluminium is shredded and grounded into small pieces or crushed into bales. These pieces or bales are melted in an aluminium smelter to produce molten aluminium. By this stage the recycled aluminium is indistinguishable from virgin aluminium and further processing is identical for both. This process does not produce any change in the metal, so aluminium can be recycled indefinitely.

Recycling aluminium saves 95% of the energy cost of processing new aluminium.^[4] This is because the temperature necessary for melting recycled, nearly pure, aluminium is 600 °C, while to extract mined aluminium from its ore requires 900 °C. To reach this higher temperature, much more energy is needed, leading to the high environmental benefits of aluminium recycling. Americans throw away enough aluminum every year to rebuild our entire commercial air fleet. Also, the energy from recycling one aluminum can is enough to run a television for three hours.^[5]

Public glass waste collection point for separating clear, green and amber glass

Glass

Main article: Glass recycling

Glass bottles and jars are gathered by a curbside collection truck and bottle banks, where the glass may be sorted into color categories. The collected glass cullet is taken to a glass recycling plant where it is monitored for purity and contaminants are removed. The cullet is crushed and added to a raw material mix in a melting furnace. It is then mechanically blown or molded into new jars or bottles. Glass cullet is also used in the construction industry for aggregate and glassphalt. Glassphalt is a road-laying material which comprises around 30% recycled glass. Glass can be recycled indefinitely as its structure does not deteriorate when reprocessed.

Paper

Main article: Paper recycling

Paper can be recycled by reducing it to pulp and combining it with pulp from newly harvested wood. As the recycling process causes the paper fibres to break down, each time paper is recycled its quality decreases. This means that either a higher percentage of new fibres must be added, or the paper downcycled into lower quality products. Any writing or colouration of the paper must first be removed by deinking, which also removes fillers, clays, and fiber fragments.^[18]

Almost all paper can be recycled today, but some types are harder to recycle than others. Papers coated with plastic or aluminium foil, and papers that are waxed, pasted, or gummed are usually not recycled because the process is too expensive. Gift-wrap paper also cannot be recycled due to its already poor quality.^[18]

Sometimes recyclers ask for the removal of the glossy inserts from newspapers because they are a different type of paper. Glossy inserts have a heavy clay coating that some paper mills cannot accept. Most of the clay is removed from the recycled pulp as sludge which must be disposed of. If the coated paper is 20% by weight clay, then each ton of glossy paper produces more than 200 kg of sludge and less than 800 kg of fiber.^[18]

Plastic shipping crates

Plastic

Main article: Plastic recycling

Plastic recycling is the process of recovering scrap or waste plastics and reprocessing the material into useful products. Compared to glass or metallic materials, plastic poses unique challenges. Because of the massive number of types of plastic, they each carry a resin identification code, and must be sorted before they can be recycled. This can be costly; while metals can be sorted using electromagnets, no such 'easy sorting' capability exists for plastics. In addition to this, while labels do not need to be removed from bottles for recycling, lids are often made from a different kind of non-recyclable plastic.

To help in identifying the materials in various plastic items, resin identification code numbers 1-6 have been assigned to six common kinds of recyclable plastic resins, with the number 7 indicating any other kind of plastic, whether recyclable or not. Standardized symbols are available incorporating each of these resin codes, as shown in the following table:

Table of resin identification codes

Recycling No.	Symbol	Abbreviation	Polymer Name	Uses once recycled
1		PETE or PET	Polyethylene terephthalate	Polyester fibres, thermoformed sheet, strapping, and soft drink bottles. (See also: Recycling of PET Bottles)
2		HDPE	High density polyethylene	Bottles, grocery bags, recycling bins, agricultural pipe, base cups, car stops, playground equipment, and plastic lumber.
3		PVC or V	Polyvinyl chloride	Pipe, fencing, and non-food bottles.
4		LDPE	Low density polyethylene	Plastic bags, various containers, dispensing bottles, wash bottles, tubing, and various molded laboratory equipment.
5		PP	Polypropylene	Auto parts, industrial fibers, and food containers.
6		PS	Polystyrene	Desk accessories, cafeteria trays, toys, video cassettes and cases, and insulation board and other expanded polystyrene products (e.g., Styrofoam).
7		OTHER	Other plastics, including acrylic, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, fiberglass, nylon, polycarbonate, and polylactic acid.

Textiles

Main article: Textile recycling

A brown cloth

When considering textile recycling one must understand what the material consists of. Most textiles are composites of cotton (biodegradable material) and synthetic plastics. The textile's composition will affect its durability and method of recycling.

Workers sort and separate collected textiles into good quality clothing and shoes which can be reused or worn. There is a trend of moving these facilities from developed countries to developing countries either for charity or sold at a cheaper price.^[19] Many international organisations collect used textiles from developed countries as a donation to those third world countries. This recycling practise is encouraged because it helps to reduce unwanted waste while providing clothing to those in need.^[20] Damaged textiles are further sorted into grades to make industrial wiping cloths and for use in paper manufacture or material suitable for fibre reclamation and filling products. If textile reprocessors receive wet or soiled clothes however, these may still be disposed of in a landfill, as the washing and drying facilities are not present at sorting units.^[21]

Fibre reclamation mills sort textiles according to fibre type and colour. Colour sorting eliminates the need to re-dye the recycled textiles. The textiles are shredded into "shoddy" fibres and blended with other selected fibres, depending on the intended end use of the recycled yarn. The blended mixture is carded to clean and mix the fibres and spun ready for weaving or knitting. The fibres can also be compressed for mattress production. Textiles sent to the flocking industry are shredded to make filling material for car insulation, roofing felts, loudspeaker cones, panel linings and furniture padding.

A stack of wooden pallets awaits reuse or recycling.

[edit] Timber

Main article: Timber recycling

Recycling timber has become popular due to its image as an environmentally friendly product, with consumers commonly believing that by purchasing recycled wood the demand for green timber will fall and ultimately benefit the environment. Greenpeace also view recycled timber as an environmentally friendly product, citing it as the most preferable timber source on their website. The arrival of recycled timber as a construction product has been important in both raising industry and consumer awareness towards deforestation and promoting timber mills to adopt more environmentally friendly practices.^[22]

Wood recycling is a subject which has in recent years taken an ever greater role in our lives. The problem, however, is that although many local authorities like the idea of recycling, they do not fully support it. One of the countless examples, which has been in the news is the concept of actually recycling wood which is growing in the cities. Namely, recycling timber, trees and other sources.^[23]

[edit] Other techniques

Several other materials are also commonly recycled, frequently at an industrial level.

Ship breaking is one example that has associated environmental, health, and safety risks for the area where the operation takes place; balancing all these considerations is an environmental justice problem.

Tire recycling is also common. Used tires can be added to asphalt for producing road surfaces or to make rubber mulch used on playgrounds for safety. They are also often used as the insulation and heat absorbing/releasing material in specially constructed homes known as earthships.

Rekor Indonesia di mata dunia

1. Republik Indonesia merupakan Negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia yang terdiridari 17.504 pulau (termasuk 9.634 pulau yang belum diberi nama dan 6.000pulau yang tidak berpenghuni) . Disini ada 3 dari 6 pulau terbesar didunia,yaitu : Kalimantan (pulau terbesar ketiga di dunia dgn luas 539.460 km2),Sumatera (473.606 km2) dan Papua (421.981 km2).*
2. Indonesia adalah Negara maritim terbesar di dunia dengan perairan seluas93 ribu km2 dan panjang pantai sekitar 81 ribu km2 atau hampir 25% panjangpantai di dunia.*
3. Pulau Jawa adalah pulau terpadat di dunia dimana sekitar 60% hampirpenduduk Indonesia (sekitar 130 jt jiwa) tinggal di pulau yang luasnya hanya7% dari seluruh wilayah RI.*
4. Indonesia merupakan Negara dengan suku bangsa yang terbanyak di dunia.Terdapat lebih dari 740 suku bangsa/etnis, dimana di Papua saja terdapat 270suku.*
5. Negara dengan bahasa daerah yang terbanyak, yaitu, 583 bahasa dan dialekdari 67 bahasa induk yang digunakan berbagai suku bangsa di Indonesia .Bahasa nasional adalah bahasa Indonesia walaupun bahasa daerah dengan jumlahpemakai terbanyak di Indonesia adalah bahasa Jawa.*
6. Indonesia adalah negara muslim terbesar di dunia. Jumlah pemeluk agamaIslam di Indonesia sekitar 216 juta jiwa atau 88% dari penduduk Indonesia .Juga memiliki jumlah masjid terbanyak dan Negara asal jamaah haji terbesardi dunia.*
7. Monumen Budha (candi) terbesar di dunia adalah Candi Borobudur di JawaTengah dengan tinggi 42 meter (10 tingkat) dan panjang relief lebih dari 1km. Diperkirakan dibuat selama 40 tahun oleh Dinasti Syailendra pada masakerajaan Mataram Kuno (750-850).*
8. Tempat ditemukannya manusia purba tertua di dunia, yaitu : PithecanthropusErectus" yang diperkirakan berasal dari 1,8 juta tahun yang lalu.*
9. Republik Indonesia adalah Negara pertama yang lahir sesudah berakhirnyaPerang Dunia II pada tahun 1945. RI merupakan Negara ke 70 tertua di dunia.*
10. Indonesia adalah Negara pertama (hingga kini satu-satunya) yang pernahkeluar dari Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa (PBB) pada tgl 7 Januari 1965. RIbergabung kembali ke dalam PBB pada tahun 1966.*
11. Tim bulutangkis Indonesia adalah yang terbanyak merebut lambing supremasibulutangkis pria, Thomas Cup, yaitu sebanyak 13 x (pertama kali th 1958 &terakhir 2002).*
12. Indonesia adalah penghasil gas alam cair (LNG) terbesar di dunia (20% darisuplai seluruh dunia) juga produsen timah terbesar kedua.*
13. Indonesia menempati peringkat 1 dalam produk pertanian, yaitu : cengkeh(cloves) & pala (nutmeg), serta no.2 dalam karet alam (Natural Rubber) danminyak sawit mentah (Crude Palm Oil).*
14. Indonesia adalah pengekspor terbesar kayu lapis (plywood), yaitu sekitar80% di pasar dunia.* Terumbu Karang (Coral Reef) Indonesia adalah yang terkaya (18% dari totaldunia).*
15. Indonesia memiliki species ikan hiu terbanyak didunia yaitu 150 species.*
16. Biodiversity Anggrek terbesar di dunia : 6 ribu jenis anggrek, mulai dariyang terbesar (Anggrek Macan atau Grammatophyllum Speciosum) sampai yangterkecil (Taeniophyllum, yang tidak berdaun), termasuk Anggrek Hitam yanglangka dan hanya terdapat di Papua.*
17. Memiliki hutan bakau terbesar di dunia. Tanaman ini bermanfaat ntukmencegah pengikisan air laut/abrasi.*
18. Binatang purba yang masih hidup : Komodo yang hanya terdapat di pulauKomodo, NTT adalah kadal terbesar di dunia. Panjangnya bias mencapai 3 meterdan beratnya 90 kg.*
19. Rafflesia Arnoldi yang tumbuh di Sumatera adalah bunga terbesar di dunia.Ketika bunganya mekar, diameternya mencapai 1 meter.*
20. Memiliki primata terkecil di dunia , yaitu Tarsier Pygmy (Tarsius Pumilus)atau disebut juga Tarsier Gunung yang panjangnya hanya 10 cm. Hewan yangmirip monyet dan hidupnya diatas pohon ini terdapat di Sulawesi.*
21. Tempat ditemukannya ular terpanjang di dunia yaitu, Python Reticulatessepanjang 10 meter di Sulawesi.* I
22. kan terkecil di dunia yang ditemukan baru-baru ini di rawa-rawa berlumpurSumatera. Panjang 7,9 mm ketika dewasa atau kurang lebih sebesar nyamuk.Tubuh ikan ini transparan dan tidak mempunyai tulang kepala.INDONESIA KINI:*
23. Indonesia memiliki jumlah masjid (rumah ibadah umat Islam) terbesar didunia, mengalahkan Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Arab Saudi, Pakistan,Kuwait, Libya, Mesir dan negeri-negeri berpenduduk mayoritas Islam lainnya.*
24. Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang menyandang gelar Haji dan Hajjah adalahterbesar di dunia.* Indonesia adalah negeri yang paling banyak memiliki organisasi keagamaanmengingat mayoritas masyarakat Indonesia amat taat pada agama yangdipeluknya, seperti Majelis Mujahidin, NU, Muhammadiyah, FPI, MUI, GUUI,FUI, Jamaah Islamiyah, Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia dan masih banyak lagi yanglainnya. Tak heran, jumlah tokoh-tokoh agamanya juga terbesar di dunia,seperti adanya sosok-sosok bergelar kyai, ustadz, da'i, dan lainnya.*
25. Indonesia meraih rekor tertinggi dalam angka penjualan mobil-mobil mewahse-Asia Pasifik, seperti Mercedes Benz, BMW, Jaguar dan lainnya.

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Green Peace..!

Earth Day is one of two observances, both held annually during spring in the northern hemisphere, and autumn in the southern hemisphere. These are intended to inspire awareness of and appreciation for the Earth's environment. The United Nations celebrates an Earth Day each year on the March equinox, a tradition which was founded by peace activist John McConnell in 1969. A second Earth Day, which was founded by U.S. Senator Gaylord Nelson as an environmental teach-in in 1970, is celebrated in many countries each year on April 22.

B' Gaul

10 TiPS GauL SuKSeS

1. Soal penampilan gak perlu glamour dan mahal,yg penting bersih,rapi dan tentu aja wangi.Krn orang akan betah berlama² dgn orang yg terlihat apik dan wangi.
2. Jangan terlalu mahal mengucapkan kata² 'maaf,tolong dan terima kasih'.Krn kunci dari sebuah pergaulan adl pandai² kita menata tutur bahasa.Kt 'maaf' menunjukkan diri km rendah hati dan gak mau menyakiti hati orang lain.Kt 'tolong' menunjukkan klo km selalu mensejajarkan diri dgn orang lain,siapapun dia.Kt 'terima kasih' menunjukkan klo diri km adl orang yg pandai berterima kasih dan menghargai orang lain.
3. Jauhi segala macam obat²an psikotropika dan rokok.Jangan terpancing bila ada yg bilang km gak gaul,lantaran gak ngerokok ato ngedrugs.Ingat,gaul yg sehat adl otak dan pikiran kita bersih,sehat lahir batin.Sapa yg mau gaul ama orang yg kelihatan lesu dan gak ada semangat.Soal rokok,km pasti tau dong akibatnya buat paru² dan kantongmu.
4. Ringan tangan.Maksudnya,km dgn sukarela dan senang hati membantu tmn yg emang sdg perlu pertolongan.Gak cuma materi lho.Km jg bisa mjd tmn curhat dia yg baik.
5. Kurangi jutek dan tebarkan senyum.Klo selama ini km gampang marah dan jutek,kurangi emosi km.Coba kendalikan urat marahmu dgn lebih banyak menebar senyum.Usahakan km yg menyapa duluan dgn menyebut namanya.Dijamin deh,tmnmu akan bersimpati padamu.
6. Selalu datang bila tmn²mu mengundang.Krn bila km selalu respek,mereka menyimpulkan klo km tuh orangnya perhatian bgt.
7. Selalu on time bila janjian dgn siapapun.Selama ini mungkin lbh sering mereka yg menunggu km,usahakan km yg menunggu mereka.
8. Jangan lupa nama temen² km.Usahakan mengingat nama² mereka.Maksudnya,pd temen yg jarang ketemu,kenalan baru dan temen lama.Dijamin,bila km masih mengingat nama,mereka gembira dan merasa dirinya paling penting bagimu.
9. Usahakan jangan terlalu banyak komentar ttg temen² km.Biasanya,gara² banyak komen,gak sengaja km menyinggung perasaan temen.Maksud hati ingin bercanda,tp klo yg mendengarkan kebetulan sdg sensitif,bisa berabe.Bisa² jadi berkurang deh,temenmu.
10. Selalu positive thinking ttg orang lain.jangan belum apa² udah berprasangka buruk.Selain belom tentu bener,rasa curigamu yg berlebihan cuma bikin wajahmu jelek dan capek hati.